viernes, 24 de mayo de 2013

Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift vivió en el siglo 18, lo cual no sería para nosotros de interés, si no fuera que escribió, por ejemplo, Los Viajes de Gulliver. Además don Swift se destacó por combinar el humor con la crítica a las instituciones logrando producciones como A Modest Proposal.

Más abajo ponemos algunos trazos de su vida, con el interés en el vocabulario: deadpan, o en conceptos: satire o pamphleteer.

También pusimos unos párrafos de A Modest Proposal para saber cómo escribía Swift y lo que es una sátira.

 

Propongo humildemente que estos niños, a la edad de un año, sean ofertados a las personas de fortuna a través del reino. Siempre aconsejando a las madres dejarlos amamantar lo suficiente, especialmente en el último mes, de manera de obtener productos gordos para…

martes, 21 de mayo de 2013

Gulliver´s Travel

Donde se cuenta (en inglés) los años de formación del protagonista, Gulliver, y sus comienzos en la navegación como médico en varios barcos. Del original inglés “Gulliver´s Travel”, de Jonathan Swift.

En vocabulario buscamos hosier, y para saber: sobre Leyden, y the Levant.

Más abajo ponemos una ilustración de 1.856 y una foto de Leyden con casas del siglo 17.

 

Soon after my return from Leyden, I was recommended by my good master, Mr. Bates, to be surgeon to the Swallow, Captain Abraham Pannel, commander; with whom I continued three years and a half, making a voyage or two into the Levant, and… 

 

lunes, 20 de mayo de 2013

Finn, la novela de Jon Clinch

Donde se narra la vida del padre de Huck, como continuación de la novela clásica de Mark Twain, Las Aventuras de Huckleberry Finn.

Jon Clinch toma el concepto del padre de Huck Finn malo y alcohólico, y desarrolla esta historia, también a orillas del Mississippi.

Del original inglés “Finn. A Novel”, de Jon Clinch.

 

El cuerpo flotaba lentamente en el río, seguido por las moscas. Nada quedaba de carnes, solo huesos, tendones y algo de grasa. Un cuervo apaciguaba su hambre metiendo el pico entre las cavidades del cadáver.

¿Qué tiempo había pasado en el agua? Nadie podía decirlo. Había recorrido campos desiertos, granjas, y sauces solitarios.

sábado, 18 de mayo de 2013

Mark Twain

Mark Twain fue el autor norteamericano por excelencia, elevándose por todos los otros de su época, hasta la llegada del siglo 20. Hay algunas cosas, sin embargo, que es preferible no prestar atención del autor, como su opinión sobre los indios:

 

… su corazón está lleno de maldad, traición y bajeza. Cuando uno le da algo es mejor mirarlo de frente ya que la retribución puede ser una flecha en la espalda…

 

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835 –1910), más conocido por su seudónimo Mark Twain, fue un autor y humorista norteamericano. Escribió The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) y su continuación The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), considerada la gran novela americana.

miércoles, 15 de mayo de 2013

Jim´s Betrayed

Donde Huck encuentra que el duque y el rey vendieron a Jim. Del original ingles “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, de Mark Twain

"Set her loose, Jim! we're all right now!"
But there warn't no answer, and nobody come out of the wigwam.  Jim was gone!  I set up a shout—and then another—and then another one; and run this way and that in the woods, whooping and screeching; but it warn't no use—old Jim was gone.  Then I set down and cried; I couldn't help it. But I couldn't set still long.  Pretty soon I went out on the road, trying to think what I better do, and I run across a boy walking, and asked him if he'd seen a strange nigger dressed so and so, and he says:
"Yes."
"Whereabouts?" says I.
"Down to Silas Phelps' place, two mile below here.  He's a runaway nigger, and they've got him.  Was you looking for him?"

martes, 14 de mayo de 2013

The Aristocracy

Donde se describe a la familia Grangerford, de la solemnidad de los padres y la categoría de la familia. Del original ingles “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, de Mark Twain

COL.  GRANGERFORD was a gentleman, you see.  He was a gentleman all over; and so was his family.  He was well born, as the saying is, and that's worth as much in a man as it is in a horse, so the Widow Douglas said, and nobody ever denied that she was of the first aristocracy in our town; and pap he always said it, too, though he warn't no more quality than a mudcat himself.  Col.  Grangerford was very tall and very slim, and had a darkish-paly complexion, not a sign of red in it anywheres; he was clean shaved every morning all over his thin face, and he had the thinnest kind of lips, and the thinnest kind of nostrils, and a high nose, and heavy eyebrows, and the blackest kind of eyes, sunk so deep back that they seemed like they was looking out of caverns at you, as you may say.  His forehead was high, and his hair was black and straight and hung to his shoulders. His hands was long and thin, and every day of his life he put on a clean shirt and a full suit from head to foot made out of linen so white it hurt your eyes to look at it; and on Sundays he wore a blue tail-coat with brass buttons on it.  He carried a mahogany cane with a silver head to it.  There warn't no frivolishness about him, not a bit, and he warn't ever loud.  He was as kind as he could be—you could feel that, you know, and so you had confidence.  Sometimes he smiled, and it was good to see; but when he straightened himself up like a liberty-pole, and the lightning begun

Jim

Donde Huck promete no delatar al esclavo. Jim cuenta que iba a ser vendido y decide escapar. De cómo escapa y se esconde en la isla donde encuentra a Huck. Del original inglés “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, de Mark Twain.

Más abajo encontrarán una foto de un cartel mostrando la sala de espera para gente de color.

En vocabulario encontramos honest injun y skift y lo que era ser abolicionista en el sur, en 1850.

 

People would call me a low-down Abolitionist and despise me…

lunes, 13 de mayo de 2013

Huck´s Father

Donde el padre de Huck aparece de nuevo. De su descripción física, del enojo porque Huck aprende a leer y escribir, y de los celos por que Huck vive en una casa y él tiene que dormir con los cerdos. Del original ingles “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, de Mark Twain

I HAD shut the door to.  Then I turned around and there he was.  I used to be scared of him all the time, he whipped me so much.  I reckoned I was scared now, too; but in a minute I see I was mistaken—that is, after the first shake, as you may say, when my breath sort of raised, he being so unexpected; but right away after I see I warn't scared of him worth bothring about.
He was most fifty, and he looked it.  His hair was long and tangled and greasy, and hung down, and you could see his eyes shining through like he was behind vines.  It was all black, no gray; so was his long, mixed-up whiskers.  There warn't no color in his face, where his face showed; it was white; not like another man's white, but a white to make a body sick, a white to make a body's flesh crawl—a tree-toad white, a fish-belly white.  As for his clothes—just rags, that was all.  He had one ankle resting on t'other knee; the boot on that foot was busted, and two of his toes stuck through, and he worked them now and then.  His hat was laying on the floor—an old black slouch with the top caved in, like a lid.
I stood a-looking at him; he set there a-looking at me, with his chair tilted back a little.  I set the candle down.  I noticed the window was up; so he had clumb in by the shed.  He kept a-looking me all over.  By and by he says:
"Solemn clothes—very.  You think you're a good deal of a big-bug, DON'T you?"

domingo, 12 de mayo de 2013

Huckleberry Finn, Adoption

Donde Huck cuenta lo que cuesta vivir con la viuda Douglas y el sentido de tratar de “civilizarlo”. Una araña, el fuego, mala suerte, la forma de evitarla. Del original ingles “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, de Mark Twain

The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn't stand it no longer I lit out.  I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.  But Tom Sawyer he hunted me up and said he was going to start a band of robbers, and I might join if I would go back to the widow and be respectable.  So I went back.
The widow she cried over me, and called me a poor lost lamb, and she called me a lot of other names, too, but she never meant no harm by it. She put me in them new clothes again, and I couldn't do nothing but sweat and sweat, and feel all restricted.  Well, then, the old thing commenced again.  The widow rung a bell for supper, and you had to come to time. When you got to the table you couldn't go right to eating, but you had to wait for the widow to put down her head and complain a little over the victuals, though there warn't really anything the matter with them,—that is, nothing only everything was cooked by itself…

sábado, 11 de mayo de 2013

Zane Grey

Autor de “Riders of the Purple SageZane Grey se convirtió en un motor de la industria de Hollywood dando sus obras a los actores y directores de la meca del cine.

Más abajo hablamos sobre la niñez, su matrimonio y sus trabajos.

También encontramos una foto de Zane Gray con un koala en Australia.

lunes, 6 de mayo de 2013

Daniel Deronda

Daniel Deronda fue escrita por George Eliot y publicada en ocho partes. Es la última de sus novelas y la única ambientada en la época victoriana. Es una mezcla de sátira social y búsqueda moral, junto a ideas acordes a sueños sionistas judíos (tema ampliado más abajo).

En síntesis en la novela Gwendolen trata de encontrar el hombre rico que le asegure el porvenir. Daniel encuentra a Mirah, una judía que lo introduce en las costumbres de la comunidad. Gwendolen se casará con un hombre de dinero, al que no ama. Daniel se convertirá en el líder de la comunidad judía en busca de su propia tierra. Daniel Deronda es la primera novela en la que la autora toma partido por los judíos y apoya su búsqueda de la tierra prometida. También enfatiza la necesidad de la mujer de la época de casarse con el hombre adecuado para mantener el estatus.

En vocabulario buscamos knoll y dowager.

sábado, 4 de mayo de 2013

¿Qué Libro No?


Sin leer un comentario, o tener en cuenta una recomendación, ¿qué libro no leerías? Se me ocurrió hacerme esta pregunta pues día a día busco entre mis viejos libros, repaso entre los títulos y en ocasiones me quedo con aquel que tiene un encuadernado especial o una tapa llamativa. Separo aquellos libros a los que no llegué a leer, y a los que probablemente no lea nunca.

Aclaro que no me gustan los romances, prefiero las aventuras, pero una historia es una historia y si viene bien contada no la descarto. Otra cosa, soy profesor de inglés, y mi idea es encontrar algo bueno, y también leer en ingles, buscar vocabulario, preparar una síntesis y considerar si se puede emplear en el aula.

Entonces pasé lista a aquellos clásicos que me parecían un bostezo, aburridos para ser más claros. Aquí van: Daisy Miller, Waverley, Tess of the D'Urbervilles, Vanity Fair, Clarissa, Tristram Shandy, Tom Jones, etc. Pero, ¿por qué me parecían aburridos?

Tesoro, Lord Jim


Lord Jim, la novela de Joseph Conrad, es un tesoro para los que buscamos ampliar nuestro vocabulario, especialmente para gente que como nosotros vivimos en Salta, rodeados de montañas y valles, y tenemos escasas, o nulas, posibilidades de entrar en contacto con términos relacionados al mar, la navegación o los barcos. ¿Cuántas veces hemos estudiado una goleta, “a schooner”, o investigado sobre navegación?

En Lord Jim los temas que conforman la historia tienen que ver con los ideales de los jóvenes, hechos vergonzosos protagonizados por cobardes, la redención después del sufrimiento, el colonialismo, y las relaciones entre nativos y británicos. Estos tópicos ya aparecieron en otros libros, con mayor o menor eficacia, de una u otra forma, con más o menos importancia, no son temas nuevos.

The Hull



Hull (casco) es el cuerpo a prueba de agua de un barco o bote. Sobre el casco está la estructura del bote. La línea donde el casco se encuentra con la superficie del agua se llama “waterline”.

Las estructuras de los cascos varían. En un barco de acero la estructura consiste de cubiertas resistentes y no al agua, plataformas transversales y longitudinales llamadas “watertight bulkheads”, plataformas intermedias llamadas “girders”, “stringers” y “webs”; y menores llamadas “transverse frames”, “frames”, o “longitudinals”.

En un velero de madera el casco se construye de placas de madera apoyadas en moldes transversales llamados “ribs” o “bulkheads”.

viernes, 3 de mayo de 2013

On Journey


 De cómo se suceden los días de viaje, en medio del sol, con las costumbres de aislarse de los nativos. Del original inglés Lord Jim 

'Look at dese cattle,' said the German skipper to his new chief mate.

An Arab, the leader of that pious voyage, came last. He walked slowly aboard, handsome and grave in his white gown and large turban. A string of servants followed, loaded with his luggage; the Patna cast off and backed away from the wharf.

She was headed between two small islets, crossed obliquely the anchoring-ground of sailing-ships, swung through half a circle in the shadow of a hill, then ranged close to a ledge of foaming reefs.

The Arab, standing up aft, recited aloud the prayer of travellers by sea. He invoked the favour of the Most High upon that journey, implored His blessing on men's toil and on the secret purposes of their hearts; the steamer pounded in the dusk the calm water of the Strait; and far astern of the pilgrim ship a screw-pile lighthouse, planted by unbelievers on a treacherous shoal, seemed to wink at her its eye of flame, as if in derision of her errand of faith.

She cleared the Strait, crossed the bay, continued on her way through the 'One-degree' passage. She held on straight for the Red Sea under a serene sky, under a sky scorching and unclouded, enveloped in a fulgor of sunshine that killed all thought, oppressed the heart, withered all impulses of strength and energy. And under the sinister splendour of that sky the sea, blue and profound, remained still, without a stir, without a ripple, without a wrinkle—viscous, stagnant, dead. The Patna, with a slight hiss, passed over that plain, luminous and smooth, unrolled a black ribbon of smoke across the sky, left behind her on the water a white ribbon of foam that vanished at once, like the phantom of a track drawn upon a lifeless sea by the phantom of a steamer.

The Patna


Donde los exiliados sueñan con vidas relajadas, fuera de la rutina de sus países de origen, y llenas de gloria. Jim es el oficial del Patna que se llena de peregrinos. Del original ingles, Lord Jim

Directly he could walk without a stick, he descended into the town to look for some opportunity to get home. Nothing offered just then, and, while waiting, he associated naturally with the men of his calling in the port. These were of two kinds. Some, very few and seen there but seldom, led mysterious lives, had preserved an undefaced energy with the temper of buccaneers and the eyes of dreamers. They appeared to live in a crazy maze of plans, hopes, dangers, enterprises, ahead of civilisation, in the dark places of the sea; and their death was the only event of their fantastic existence that seemed to have a reasonable certitude of achievement. The majority were men who, like himself, thrown there by some accident, had remained as officers of country ships. They had now a horror of the home service, with its harder conditions, severer view of duty, and the hazard of stormy oceans. They were attuned to the eternal peace of Eastern sky and sea. They loved short passages, good deck-chairs, large native crews, and the distinction of being white. They shuddered at the thought of hard work, and led precariously easy lives, always on the verge of dismissal, always on the verge of engagement, serving Chinamen, Arabs, half-castes—would have served the devil himself had he made it easy enough. They talked everlastingly of turns of luck: how So-and-so got charge of a boat on the coast of China—a soft thing; how this one had an easy billet in Japan somewhere, and that one was doing well in the Siamese navy; and in all they said—in their actions, in their looks, in their persons—could be detected the soft spot, the place of decay, the determination to lounge safely through existence.
To Jim that gossiping crowd, viewed as seamen, seemed at first more unsubstantial than so many shadows. But at length he found a fascination in the sight of those men, in their appearance of doing so well on such a small allowance of danger and toil. In time, beside the original disdain there grew up slowly another sentiment; and suddenly, giving up the idea of going home, he took a berth as chief mate of the Patna.

jueves, 2 de mayo de 2013

First Trip


Donde se comenta la primera experiencia en el mar de Jim, su accidente y el hospital donde se recupera. Del original inglés Lord Jim, de Joseph Conrad

After two years of training he went to sea, and entering the regions so well known to his imagination, found them strangely barren of adventure. He made many voyages. He knew the magic monotony of existence between sky and water: he had to bear the criticism of men, the exactions of the sea, and the prosaic severity of the daily task that gives bread—but whose only reward is in the perfect love of the work. This reward eluded him. Yet he could not go back, because there is nothing more enticing, disenchanting, and enslaving than the life at sea. Besides, his prospects were good. He was gentlemanly, steady, tractable, with a thorough knowledge of his duties; and in time, when yet very young, he became chief mate of a fine ship, without ever having been tested by those events of the sea that show in the light of day the inner worth of a man, the edge of his temper, and the fibre of his stuff; that reveal the quality of his resistance and the secret truth of his pretences, not only to others but also to himself.

miércoles, 1 de mayo de 2013

The Rescue


Donde se cuenta el accidente de un barco y el rescate que realizan los marineros. Uno de los chicos se convierte en el héroe de la jornada.  Jim siente la necesidad de aventura y de demostrar su coraje. Del original ingles Lord Jim, de Joseph Conrad…

He was jostled. 'Man the cutter!' Boys rushed past him. A coaster running in for shelter had crashed through a schooner at anchor, and one of the ship's instructors had seen the accident. A mob of boys clambered on the rails, clustered round the davits. 'Collision. Just ahead of us. Mr. Symons saw it.' A push made him stagger against the mizzen-mast, and he caught hold of a rope. The old training-ship chained to her moorings quivered all over, bowing gently head to wind, and with her scanty rigging humming in a deep bass the breathless song of her youth at sea. 'Lower away!' He saw the boat, manned, drop swiftly below the rail, and rushed after her. He heard a splash. 'Let go; clear the falls!' He leaned over. The river alongside seethed in frothy streaks. The cutter could be seen in the falling darkness under the spell of tide and wind, that for a moment held her bound, and tossing abreast of the ship. A yelling voice in her reached him faintly: 'Keep stroke, you young whelps, if you want to save anybody! Keep stroke!' And suddenly she lifted high her bow, and, leaping with raised oars over a wave, broke the spell cast upon her by the wind and tide.