David
Copperfield, de Charles
Dickens, fue publicada como novela en 1850. El título completo de
la novela es The Personal History,
Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of
Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account). En
estos párrafos David Copperfield
cuenta de su nacimiento, ligado a la buena, de cómo se trató de vender su
placenta, y de las costumbres de la época.
En vocabulario: sage, impiety, y meandering.
¿Qué es caul y que tiene que ver con la
buena suerte? Abajo lo aclaramos.
… Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own
life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must
show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born
(as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night.
It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry,
simultaneously.
In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it
was declared by the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood who had taken a
lively interest in me several months before there was any possibility of our
becoming personally acquainted, first, that I was destined to be unlucky in
life; and secondly, that I was privileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these
gifts inevitably attaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either
gender, born towards the small hours on a Friday night.
I need say nothing here, on the first head, because
nothing can show better than my history whether that prediction was verified or
falsified by the result. On the second branch of the question, I will only
remark, that unless I ran through that part of my inheritance while I was still
a baby, I have not come into it yet. But I do not at all complain of having
been kept out of this property; and if anybody else should be in the present
enjoyment of it, he is heartily welcome to keep it.
I was born with a caul, which was
advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas.
Whether sea-going people were short of money about that time, or were short of
faith and preferred cork jackets, I don’t know; all I know is, that there was
but one solitary bidding, and that was from an attorney connected with the
bill-broking business, who offered two pounds in cash, and the balance in
sherry, but declined to be guaranteed from drowning on any higher bargain.
Consequently the advertisement was withdrawn at a dead loss—for as to sherry,
my poor dear mother’s own sherry was in the market then—and ten years
afterwards, the caul was put up in a raffle down in our part of the country, to
fifty members at half-a-crown a head, the winner to spend five shillings. I was
present myself, and I remember to have felt quite uncomfortable and confused,
at a part of myself being disposed of in that way. The caul was won, I recollect,
by an old lady with a hand-basket, who, very reluctantly, produced from it the
stipulated five shillings, all in halfpence, and twopence halfpenny short—as it
took an immense time and a great waste of arithmetic, to endeavour without any
effect to prove to her. It is a fact which will be long remembered as
remarkable down there, that she was never drowned, but died triumphantly in
bed, at ninety-two. I have understood that it was, to the last, her proudest
boast, that she never had been on the water in her life, except upon a bridge;
and that over her tea (to which she was extremely partial) she, to the last,
expressed her indignation at the impiety of mariners and others, who had the presumption to go ‘meandering’ about the
world. It was in vain to represent to her that some conveniences, tea perhaps
included, resulted from this objectionable practice. She always returned, with
greater emphasis and with an instinctive knowledge of the strength of her
objection, ‘Let us have no meandering.’
Not to meander myself, at present, I will go back to
my birth… (David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens.)David reaches Canterbury
Vocabulario
Sage:
discerning,
insightful, perceptive, prudent, sagacious, sapient, wise.
Impiety:
blasphemy,
defilement, desecration, irreverence, profanation, sacrilege.
Meandering: passing from one topic
to another:
A meandering
interview with the presidential hopeful that covered everything from his family
life to his proposed foreign policy.
Para saber
Caul
/kol/: saco amniótico. El saco amniótico es un pedazo de membrana
que puede cubrir la cabeza y la cara de un recién nacido. El nacer con el saco amniótico es raro, ocurriendo menos
de 1 en 80.000 nacimientos. La membrana no es dañina y es removida por el
médico o la partera al nacer el niño.
De acuerdo a Aelius
Lampridius, el emperador Diadumenian
se llamó de esa forma porque nació con una diadema formada por una placenta enrollada.
En la edad media la aparición de la placenta en un niño era visto como un
signo de buena suerte. Se consideraba
que el chico estaba destinado a la grandeza. Juntar la placenta en un papel era considerado una importante tradición: la
partera raspaba la cabeza y la cara del bebé con un pedazo de papel. La
membrana era luego presentada a la madre, para ser guardada como una joya.
Algunas tradiciones europeas modernas relacionan el nacimiento del niño con el saco amniótico a la habilidad de defender la fertilidad y la cosecha contra
las fuerzas del mal, como las brujas.
Surgió la idea que la posesión de la placenta de un
bebé daría a su dueño buena fortuna y
protegería a la persona de la muerte por
ahogamiento. Eran, en consecuencia, muy preciadas por los marineros. En la
edad media se las vendía por grandes sumas de dinero.
No todas las creencias culturales sobre el saco amniótico son positivas. En el
folklore de Rumania, se cree que los
bebes nacidos con una placenta en la cabeza serán vampiros al morir.
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Fuentes
David
Copperfield, in English from Gutenberg.
Caul,
from Wikipedia.
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